Professional translators usually have to deal with three different translation problems in their work, whether they are translating a newsletter, a business or even medical documents. Translators usually have to deal with six different problem areas in their work, whether they are translating technical documents or a statement approved by certified translation offices in Oman, including semantic lexical problems, grammar and syntax, grammatical, rhetorical and cultural problems, regardless administrative and legal issues of translation in general.
:Translation Problems
:Essential Lexical Problems
Semantic lexical problems can be solved by borrowing dictionaries and lexicons; to know the terms of the language translated into. These problems include alternatives to terms, new expressions, semantic gaps, contextual synonyms and antonyms, as these affect things on the meanings of new terms. Synonyms and antonyms only aim at an acceptance that depends on the context to determine the correct meaning. Semantic communication is the consistency procedure that works by identifying the semantic features common to two or more terms and lexical terms.
:Grammatical and Rhetorical Problems
Grammatical problems include, for example, how to represent the verb from the writer’s point of view, knowledge of explicit and hidden pronouns. Grammatical problems may arise from analogies in language, orientation of the passive voice, or focus on the speaker (the point of view from which the story is told), or even rhetorical forms of speech, such as exaggeration (which is that the speaker pretends to attain in describing the thing that was said) or alliteration (repeating a word or syllable at the beginning of a line or phrase.
Rhetorical problems are also related to rhetorical problems, by identifying and reconstructing forms of speech such as (comparison, metaphor, metonymy, simultaneous speech, contradiction, and speech… etc.
:Cultural Problems
Realistic problems arise with the difference in formal and informal patterns of speaking using the word “you” in some languages, as well as idioms, folk sayings, proverbs, humor and irony. These difficulties may include other challenges such as cultural issues.
Cultural issues may arise from differences between cultural references, such as food names and festivals specific to each country’s culture. In general, translators at accredited translation centers in Oman will work to properly adapt the translation to the target culture. A very simple example of a translation that includes dates. The text was in English, it is likely that the number 5 on the date 06/ 05/ 2015 refers to the month of May, while in some other languages the number 6 may refer to the month of June, and from here it becomes clear how to understand the target culture before doing the translation.
:Common Challenges to Translation
Translation requires a deep understanding of both grammar and culture, as translators need to know the grammar of the language as well as the customs and traditions of the people who speak it. Some of the most common challenges to translation include:
:Language Structure Translation
Each language has a defined structure with its agreed rules, where the complexity and uniqueness of this framework is directly related to the difficulty of translation. The simple sentence in the English language contains a verb, subject and object, in this order, for example, “She eats pizza”, but not every language has this structure, as Persian usually follows the subject sequence, then the object, then the verb, and in Arabic, the subject pronouns become part of the verb itself. As a result, translators worked at certified translation offices in Oman are often forced to add, remove, and rearrange source words to communicate effectively in the target language.
?How to Overcome the Problems of Translating Idioms for Each Domain
Idioms also explain something through examples spoken. More importantly, the meanings of these strange expressions cannot be predicted through literal definitions of the words they contain. Many linguistic specialists worked in certified translation offices in Oman insist that the terminology of each field is the most difficult element in translation. Idioms are routinely defined as a problem that machine translation engines will not fully solve.